The Utilization Of Corporal Punishment Essay - 1997 Words

Article 1 Background This article first describes how the utilization of corporal punishment by parents to children has been a point of controversy for centuries. In the study of Larzelere et Al. 1998; McLloyd and Smith 2002; Straus 2001; Turner and Muller 2004 (as cited in Petts Kysar-Moon, 2012), it was found that strict, physical discipline leads to bad results for children such as low views of themselves, problems communicating with others, and worrying tendencies across ages. The findings of Larzelere and Kuhn 2005; Schenk 2000; Straus 2001 (as cited in Petts Kysar-Moon, 2012) reveal that this form of punishment is actually successful because it shows children how to follow the words of their parents. An important feature this article mentions is how aspects of this sort of discipline differ based off of a culture parents are in. For instance, depending on their culture, parents may not use spanking or other corporal punishment on their child(ren). This also means that since corporal punishment may be more prevalent among certain groups more so than others, the results of effectiveness will fluctuate. According to the study of Bartkowski and Ellison 1995; Ellison et al. 1996; Ellison and Sherkat 1993a (as cited in Petts Kysar-Moon, 2012), a plethora of findings exists that have discovered that, in particular, conservative Protestants tend to back and also incorporate spanking, beating, etc. when it comes to parenting children. Ellison et Al. 2011Show MoreRelatedCorporal Punishment Is Defined As The Utilization Of Physical Force1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe term corporal punishment is defined as the utilization of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, yet not harm, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior. Seven nations Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Italy and Cyprus-have laws making it illicit for parents to utilize physical discipline on their children. Corporal punishment in schools has been banned in every one of the nations in Europe, South and Central America, China andRead MoreFactors That Influence Middle School Parent s Decision1303 Words   |  6 Pagesthis century a global tendency to abolish corporal punishment have been introduced to challenge old dependence on corporal punishment as a tool for reforming children’s misbehavior, according to Global Report (2008). According to Straus (2001) Corporal punishment is defined as â€Å"the use of physical force with the intentions of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of this control of the child’s behavior†, corporal punishment was almost universally approved of and usedRead MoreCorporal Punishment Should Be Banned1459 Words   |  6 Pagescourse, it is no surprise that corporal punishment against school going children is one of the most controversial topics throughout the globe, including within political, academic, and general public debates at large. A detailed review of available literature on the topic reveals that the academic discussion is divided into those who argue that corporal punishment is effective and necessary in schools, and those who argue that the risks and disadvantages of corporal punishment far outweigh its benefitsRead MoreLegal And Social Acknowledgement Of Corporal Punishment926 Words   |  4 PagesThere are numerous contributory factors to child physical abuse, one of which is a legal and social acknowledgement of corporal punishment supported by cultural norms in several countries. In the name of discipline maintenance, spanking, hitting or beating, as common forms of physical punishment, are generally believed to be effective in behaviour and action management. In the U.S, it is considered acceptable and legitimate to spank or slap a child at the age of 12 (Straus et al., 1980; cited inRead MoreCorporal Punishment in Schools1531 Words   |  7 PagesCorporal punishment in schools Advocates of school corporal punishment argue that it provides an immediate response to indiscipline and that the student is quickly back in the classroom learning, rather than being suspended from school. Opponents believe that other disciplinary methods are equally or more effective. Some regard it as tantamount to violence or abuse. In the United States and the United Kingdom, and generally in the English-speaking world, the use by schools of corporal punishmentRead MoreBlack Men in the Prison System Essays1839 Words   |  8 Pagesor negative, even the simplest task is meaningless. Psychology teaches that there are four methods to either learning, or to morph an expected conduct into a routine way of acting; positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, and punishment. Positive reinforcement is adding something to a situation in order to create an increased response. (CITATION) â€Å"The most common types of positive reinforcement are praise and rewards...† (CITATION) â€Å"Negative reinforcement is taking something negativeRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children1291 Words   |  6 PagesDeliberately causing a physical significant harm. This may involve hitting, shaking, throwing, punching, slapping or kicking. Sometimes it is argued that corporal punishment could be a justifiable means of discipline that helps in controlling a child, but serious bodily harm cannot be justified on the grounds that it constitutes reasonable punishment (Corby, 2006: 89). Emotional abuse: The persistent emotional ill-treatment of a child such as to cause severe and persistent adverse effects on the childRead MoreBlack Men In The Prison System Essay1792 Words   |  8 Pagesor negative, even the simplest task is meaningless. Psychology teaches that there are four methods to either learning, or to morph an expected conduct into a routine way of acting; positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, and punishment. Positive reinforcement is adding something to a situation in order to create an increased response. (CITATION) â€Å"The most common types of positive reinforcement are praise and rewards...† (CITATION) â€Å"Negative reinforcement is taking something negativeRead MoreBruno Bettelheim s `` Punishment Versus Discipline ``1910 Words   |  8 Pageshow his ideas help schools to deal with the problem of bullying. Bettelheim’s article â€Å"Punishment Versus Discipline† analyzes the toll that punishment has on children. Bettelheim explains to the parents that through violence they inspire their children to use their power to intimidate others by imitating the behaviors that were inflicted on them previously. He also tells the parents that using physical punishment does not deter their children from committing the action and that it can encourage themRead MoreQuentin Tarantino s Django Unchained 1884 Words   |  8 PagesForcing a person to complete some undesirable task under the threat of punishment tends to yield poor results. A mother threatening to snip her children’s allowance, for instance, can convince her offspring to clean their rooms, but at the cost of dirty socks shoved under the bed. Similarly, conventional wisdom suggests that slaves, resentful of their proverbial (and oftentimes physical) shackles, deliberately worked at a slow pace, sometimes sabotaging their masters’ equipment. History textbooks

The, And Inferno, By Dante Alighieri - 950 Words

Beowulf, written by an anonymous author, and Inferno, written by Dante Alighieri, are very different from each other, but are both affected by translation in the same way. This can be demonstrated by looking at different interpretations of each story. Mark Musa and John Ciardi’s translations of Canto I of Inferno show not only the obvious differences in word choice, but also different takes on what certain parts of the text mean, and the same thing happens with Seamus Heaney and Burton Raffel’s translations of Beowulf, such as in the scene where Beowulf and Grendel fight. One of the first noticeable differences in the translations of Inferno is the rhyme scheme, or, in Musa’s case, the lack of it. Inferno, in its original text, was written in terza rima. Terza rima, which was created by Dante himself, is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as â€Å"an Italian form of iambic verse, consisting of sets of three lines, the middle line of each set rhyming with t he first and last of the succeeding (a b a, b c b, c d c, etc.).† Neither Musa nor Ciardi write their versions of the story in this form, but Ciardi comes the closest. He does use sets of three lines, and the first and last lines of each set do rhyme with each other, but the middle line doesn’t rhyme with the first and last lines of the following set. Musa, on the other hand, uses no rhyme scheme, but still keeps the three-line stanzas. Ciardi’s choice of rhyme comes from a desire to stay as true to the original form ofShow MoreRelatedThe Inferno Of Dante Alighieri1647 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Inferno of Dante Alighieri† translated by Ciaran Carson, originally written by Dante himself is a classical piece of literature. It is the first part of Dante’s three part epic poem entitled, â€Å"The Divine Comedy†. â€Å"The Inferno of Dante Alighieri† transports the reader into a gradual ride, going from an familiar and earthly land, t o descending the depths of Hell in the search of salvation. The imagery conjured up while reading this book is plentiful as Dante’s writing is impeccable. NaturallyRead MoreThe Inferno By Dante Alighieri1367 Words   |  6 PagesDante Alighieri must have been an extremely strict and lecture-loving parent. In the first part of his collection, The Inferno, Alighieri filled his story with subliminal messages within the text to teach a greater lesson to the reader. Dante Alighieri purposefully chooses specific moments to express humankind’s weakness and how human reason can positively influence people to react in the correct manner in the eyes of God. Through the interaction of two of his main characters, Dante, who representsRead MoreThe Inferno By Dante Alighieri1617 Words   |  7 PagesInferno by Dante Alighieri is beautifully woven to reflect the realities or unrealities of the time. The various circles of hell are used by the Florentine writer Dante, to tell the t ale in a structured and elaborate manner, with the use of nine circles of the Inferno (Havely, 374). Interesting, however, is the manner in which Dante describes the characters, as they are seen to be facing tragedies in their life in hell. The author of this medieval text categorizes the different types of sins thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Inferno By Dante Alighieri1583 Words   |  7 PagesInferno, written by Dante Alighieri illustrates the idea of justice through the belief that with each action arise a consequence. What you sin above ground, you deal with under. Through this he gives examples of the sins done and the punishment that is inflicted from doing such thing as a disgrace to God. All through Dantes imagination and his views as to how it should be done, there is a punishment for each area of sin committed which is why a person who bribes will be in the further in the levelRead MoreDante Alighieri s The Inferno Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesDante Alighieri’s, The Inferno, is autobiographical account of his journey through hell. This story is the first part of a larger account known as The Divine Comedy. Dante wrote this passage during the Late Middle Ages, a time in Europe where the Christian faith was a central influence in life. His story describes what life after death was like for those who had sinned here on Earth. Dante Alighieri used The Inferno to teach both people then and now about the horrors of afterlife for those who wentRead MoreThe Classic Inferno By Dante Alighieri1228 Words   |  5 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The classic Inferno by Dante Alighieri is beautifully woven to reflect the realities or unrealities of the time. The various circles of hell are used by the writer to tell the tale in a free-flowing manner (Havely, 98). Interesting, however, is the manner in which he describes the characters such that they are seen to be facing tragedies in their life in hell. The writer categorizes the different types of s ins that people can commit and subjects the characters to various punishments, eachRead MoreInferno by Dante Alighieri Essays1549 Words   |  7 PagesIn Dante’s Inferno, Dante creates inventive imagery between ones sin and the punishment they would receive in Hell. One of the main themes that Dante uses in the book is allegory, or how the punishment fits the sin. This theme illustrates what happens to people who sin on earth. In this theme Dante created a hell that had nine levels, each worse than the first. Starting with a lesser heaven and ending with the icy cold ninth circle, where Lucifer resides. In each circle, sinners are punished accordingRead MoreAnalysis Of Dante Alighieri s Inferno 1556 Words   |  7 Pagesliterary analysis on is Inferno by Dante Alighieri. What was this book about and what message does this particular ancient poem aim to explain? This epic poem was written in the fourteenth century and there were a lot of commentary involved in the story it self. Dante’s Inferno is widely seen as one of the greatest epics to ever grace textbooks. The text itself throughout this story speaks much to the concept of life and death and what the afterlife is like according to Dante and this is an epic thatRead More Canto 18 of The Inferno by Dante Alighieri Essay3791 Words   |  16 PagesCanto 18 of The Inferno by Dante Alighieri It was once said by Marcel Proust that â€Å"We do not receive wisdom, we must discover it for ourselves, after a journey through the wilderness which no one else can make for us, which no one can spare us†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This journey through the wild to discover wisdom is exactly what transpires in The Inferno by Dante Alighieri. The Inferno is an epic poem that is the first section of a three-part poem called The Divine Comedy. The Inferno is about the narratorRead More Inferno as a Manifestation of the Pain of Dante Alighieri Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesInferno as a Manifestation of the Pain of Dante Alighieri Dantes Inferno was a great epic poem of the early Renaissance. It was known for its astute commentary on political and religious levels, both deeply woven into the work through allegory. Inferno, written in 1314 by Dante Alighieri, was the first canticle of the Divine Comedy. Dante called it a comedy both because of its happy ending and its style, which lies between that of the tragedy and that of the elegy.(Vossler, 665)

Hong Kong The Special Administrative Region â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Hong Kong The Special Administrative Region? Answer: Introducation In both the standard highlighted in this question, the physical layer highlights the working procedures of the protocols. In essence, this layer will detail the transmission and reception of data frames i.e. the 802.11 frame(tonight, 2017). The first unique item about the 802.11a standard is the use of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique (OFDM) to transmit data. Now, like most other wireless networking technologies, the need to increase the available bandwidth is supported by multiple access techniques that either spread or split common communication channel among many users (signals)(Mitchell, 2017). In its operations, the 802.11a standard uses the PLCP structure (Physical layer convergence procedure) to convert transmitted frames into PLCP data units (PPDU). This unit will consist of the fields such as the MAC layer, preamble, rate and parity value. Moreover, it is attributed with the following characteristics: First, the standard through its physical layer is able to offer a 5 GHz wireless connection. This connection has high data rates of up to 54 Mbps, a critical facility for modern mobile systems that requiHong Kong The Special Administrative Regionre high data rates. Secondly, the multiplexing technique used (OFDM) splits the communication channel into 48 different segments from the original 20 MHz frequency band. Furthermore, on top of the original data rate (54 Mbps), the standard can offer varying rate of either 6, 12 or even 24 Mbps. Finally, different modulation techniques are used in conjunction with the standard depending on the data rates. Therefore, application with 6 Mbps rates will use binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and those of 54Mbps will use quadrature amplitude technique (QAM) (Geier, 802.11a Physical Layer Revealed, 2003). Similar to the IEEE 802.11a standard, the 802.11b offers a wireless alternative to wired networking, where flexibility and mobility are enhanced. This standard defines a working wireless system that supports functionalities within the short range area i.e. 300 meters. Furthermore, its operations require minimal resources which minimizes the cost and power consumption(IEEE, 2007). Now, its physical layer and other related components diversify the structure of the original standard IEEE 802.11, an outcome that increases the functionalities. In all, the following attributes are exhibited in the workings of the physical layer: First, its operation around the world falls within the ISM frequency band category, which ranges between the frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 2.4835 GHz. In some instances, the values can change slightly to 2.471 and 2.497 GHz. Moreover, the operation band is split into 14 subsections of 22 MHz thickness. These subsections overlap during operation which maximizes the space. Furthermore, the chip rate of the electromagnetic interface is usually 11 MHZ, an outcome that supports transmission rates of 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 Mbps. Finally, it uses both spread spectrum multiplexing technique (DSSS) and complementary code keying (CCK) for its operations. DSSS is used for data rates of 1 and 2 Mbps, while CC is used for 5.5 and 11 Mbps rates(Khan, 2013). Highlights: 802.11a 802.11b Freq band: 5 GHz Freq band: 2.4 GHz Data rate: 54 Mbps Data rate: 11 Mbps Modulation techniques: BPSK and QAM Modulation techniques: DSSS and CCK Like most standards seen today, the 802.11i standard is an advancement of an original standard i.e. the 802.11. Now, this general standard (802.11) offers security to wireless systems through data encryption and authentication. In the original protocol, the basic WPA (Wi-Fi protected access) was used to restrict access to wireless LAN. However, as experienced today, this protocol has very many limitations that expose the content used. Therefore, the 802.11i was developed to address these shortcomings by employing the WPA2 protocol. This protocol refined the security standards by increasing the authentication requirements and by supporting its operations using AES encryption (Advanced Encryption Standard)(electronics, 2017). For a client trying to access a server, the standard introduced new access mechanisms including robust security network which uses a four-way handshake. This handshake is completed by a group keying system that uses the extensible authentication protocol (EAP)(eTutorials, 2017). Therefore, the following procedure is followed: The client initiates the access process by sending an EAP message (notification). Its access point also sends an EAP message to identify itself. The client responds an outcome that encrypts its operations to both authenticator and the server. The server challenges the client to prove its identity. Based on the response, the server either accepts or rejects the access request. Finally, if accepted, the access port is transformed into an authorized state (Latour, 2012). Virtual private networks (VPNs) While the internet offers a convenient medium to transfer and exchange data, its also poses many security threats most of which are related to its access. Now, VPNs are industrial responses to this limitation where secure and personalized channels are used to transfer content between two parties across the open channels of the internet(Cisco, 2000). In all, VPNs are encrypted channels that protect transmitted data by restricting those who access them. In their operations, two main methods or types are used; site to site connections and remote access. Site to site connections establishes large-scale connections based on verified encryption methods. These encryptions are implemented between two different points across the internet. Remote access, on the other hand, allows remote parties to access networks such as LANs. VPNs support their operations by using special encryption keys which can be either be publicly shared keys or private keys. These keys are then supported by a wide range of protocols including IPsec which encrypts the networking infrastructure. It is through these structures, that VPNs increases the security and convenience of wireless networks(Infosec, 2008). Application of Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMANs) In this scenario, we highlight the requirement given by the case study at hand, where ZeeTech requires a convenient solution for WMAN connection. In essence, the company requires an optimal technology that will facilitate the services they offer to their clients across a wide geographical area. Furthermore, the solution adopted should meet the companys resource requirement which includes cost, data capacity, installation area and security. In this case, three technologies are considered; HiperMAN, HiperACCESS and the IEEE 802.16 standard (WiMAX) (the preferred choice)(Jain, 2006). HiperMAN Like any other WMAN technology, this standard offers a broadband connection to the supported devices based on the needs of the users. In terms of operational frequency, the technology will offer a frequency range of between 2 GHz and 11 GHz, a range that enhances the functionalities of wireless devices across low frequencies(ETSI, 2009). Furthermore, the standards offer an optimal data rate of about 56.9 Mbit/s, which is averaged at 50 Mbit/s. In addition to these features, HiperMAN also has improved point to multipoint configuration (PMP), an outcome that optimizes the air interface which subsequently facilitates the application of mesh networks. This optimization is also supported by strong security features that are implemented using strong encryption and modulation instances. Finally, its implementation cost is manageable as minimal resources are needed to expand its service quota (QoS) and operation metrics(works, 2017).. HiperACCESS The second alternative to WMAN implementation where broadband services are offered to small to medium-sized systems. HiperACCESS also offers backhaul services and resources where users can benefit from the application of mobile technologies such as GPRS and GSM. Nevertheless, for the consideration of the case study at hand, HiperACCESS offers a high data rate of about 100 Mbit/sec. This rate could easily satisfy the requirements at hand, moreover, this rate is supplemented by high-frequency band applications ranging between 40.5 GHz and 43.5 GHz(ETSI, 2009). These bands offer wider coverage area for services which can increase the users service area. Furthermore, its security features are characterized by advanced access control solutions which protect the data and resources being used. Finally, the cost is amicably low as minimal physical infrastructure are used. However, unlike HiperMAN, this technology requires additional resources to meet the needs of low-frequency networks appli cations(WMICH, 2015). WiMAX (802.16 standards) The most suitable alternative for the ZeeTech operations as it provides a wide range of solutions and resources that are unmatched by the rest. To start with, the standard will combine both the operations of first mile connections with those of the last mile system. This outcome increases the overall service area which is an outlined requirement for the case study at hand. Moreover, its functionalities are facilitated by a convenient bandwidth which has a wide frequency band of either 10 GHz or 66 GHz(Omerovic). Therefore, during its operations, ZeeTech can be able to offer extended services to its customers without the limitations of space. Furthermore, unlike the previous two that either capitalize of low or high-frequency application, the technology at hand incorporates both where low-frequency applications are facilitated by an ability work below the 11 GHz band. Now, to the data rate, 802.16 offers some of the highest rates ranging from 100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s, an outcome that increases its overall operational efficiency. Furthermore, its security features go beyond those of the other technologies combining authentication standards with high-end air encryption. This technology will even offer end to end data encryption which improves data control over the IP system. Finally, the cost, which is convenient based on the services and resources needed(IEEE, 2016). 2G technologies TDMA (Time division multiple access): a wireless communication technique that maximizes the bandwidth of transmission by diversifying and spreading the radio spectrum. This functionality is facilitated by an allocation method that uses time to divide the frequency of transmission. Therefore, a single channel is converted to a multiple access system. Characteristics: Uses time to allocate transmission space. Suitable for both data and voice transmission. Data range between 64 kbps and 120 Mbps. Convenient for analog to digital transmission(point, 2017). CDMA (Code division multiple access): a similar technique to TDMA, however, unlike the time allocation scheme, CDMA uses pseudo codes to transmit signals. Moreover, it is based on the spread spectrum technique, a technique that diversifies resources among many users. Furthermore, it does not allocate space but allows all signal to use the entire radio spectrum but with the necessary identification(point, 2017). Characteristics: Pseudo-codes are used to identify signals. Facilitates the transmission of large volumes of information. Both data and voice can be transmitted. GSM (Global system for mobile communications): a wireless technology that differs slightly from the rest as it designed with digital and cellular objectives. Furthermore, its an open technology that transmits both data and voice based on a circuit switching system. Therefore, a connection must be established before transmission is done. It also splits its communication channel (200 kHz) into 8 different sections which increase its transmission quota. Characteristics: Its a circuit switch technology. Suitable for both data and voice transmission(Education, 2012). References Cisco. (2000). Introduction to VPNs. Extending the Classic WAN, Retrieved 27 September, 2017, from: https://www.cisco.com/networkers/nw00/pres/2400.pdf. electronics, R. (2017). IEEE 802.11i Wi-Fi Security: WEP WPA / WPA2. Radio electronics, Retrieved 27 September, 2017, from:" https://www.radio-electronics.com/info/wireless/wi-fi/ieee-802-11i-security-wpa2-wep.php. ETSI. (2009). Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); HIPERACCESS; Packet based Convergence Layer; Part 1. ETSI TS 102 117-1, REtrieved 27 September, 2017, from: www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/102100_102199/.../01.01.../ts_10211502v010101p.pdf. eTutorials. (2017). IEEE 802.11i. Retrieved 27 September, 2017, from: https://etutorials.org/Networking/Wireless+lan+security/ChaptAnswer:ng Special Administrative Region, Retrieved 27 September, 2017, from: https://www.infosec.gov.hk/english/technical/files/vpn.pdf. Jain, R. (2006). Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMANs). Washington University in Saint Louis, Retrieved 27 September, 2017, from: https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-06/ftp/j_6man.pdf. Khan, R. (2013). Comparison of IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g. Code project, Retrieved 27 September, 2017, from: https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/13253/Comparison-of-IEEE-a-IEEE-b-and-IEEE. Mitchell, B. (2017). Wireless Standards 802.11a, 802.11b/g/n, and 802.11ac. Lifewire, Retrieved 27 September, 2017, from: https://www.lifewire.com/wireless-standards-802-11a-802-11b-g-n-and-802-11ac-816553. Omerovic, S. (n.d.). WiMax Overview. Retrieved 27 September, 2017, from: https://www.lait.fe.uni-lj.si/Seminarji/s_omerovic.pdf. tonight, S. (2017). PHYSICAL Layer - OSI Model. COMPUTER NETWORKS, Retrieved 27 September, 2017, from: https://www.studytonight.com/computer-networks/osi-model-physical-layer